What is Frankincense?

A gift from nature …

For millenia, frankincense has been revered as one of Nature’s most extraordinary gifts.

It is the resinous exudate produced in response to natural or intentional bark damage by the 24 known species of Boswellia trees that range up through Central India, across Oman, Yemen and Socotra, down through the Horn of Africa and across the Sahel to the semi-arid regions of West Africa.

Frankincense trees almost universally occupy harsh, arid environments, where nutrients and moisture are scarce. Some, like B.sacra and B. frereana, grow directly on limestone rocks, nourished by oceanic mists from the Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden.  For more detailed information on Frankincense, download our factsheet.

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Boswellia Species

There are 24 currently identified Boswellia species and recorded range states.

Species
Range states
Species
Range states
Boswellia ameero
Socotra (Yemen)
Boswellia aspleniifolia
Socotra
Boswellia bullata
Socotra
Boswellia dioscoridis
Socotra
Boswellia elongata
Socotra
Boswellia "hesperia"*
Socotra
Boswellia nana
Socotra
Boswellia popoviana
Socotra
Boswellia samhaensis
Socotra
Boswellia scopulorum
Socotra
Boswellia socotrana
Socotra
Boswellia sacra (+ syn carter)
Oman, Yemen, Somalia, Somaliland
Boswellia frereana
Somaliland, Somalia
Boswellia globosa
Somaliland
Boswellia microphylla
Somalia, Somaliland, Kenya, Ethiopia
Boswellia neglecta
Ethiopia, Somalia, Somaliland, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania
Boswellia occulta
Somaliland
Boswellia ogadensis
Ethiopia
Boswellia papyrifera
Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Uganda, Nigeria,
Cameroon, Chad, (Central African Republic, NW Kenya)
Boswellia pirottae
Ethiopia
Boswellia rivae
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Somaliland
Boswellia dalzielii
Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Benin, (Chad, Ghana, Togo**)
Boswellia ovalifoliolata
India
Boswellia serrata
India (Sri Lanka)

See Thulins M. (2020)

* Species provisionally described, only from photographs

** (and maybe others, are from historical or herbarium records and need to be verified).